Yellow pigments composed of lead stannate that were used in European painting from the beginning of the 14th century until the early years of the 18th century, when it was largely replaced by Naples yellow (lead antimonate yellow). Two distinct varieties are known, both made by heating together lead and tin oxides in a furnace, with one type having sand (silicon dioxide) introduced. Both pigments are stable, used as opacifiers, colorants in glass and ceramic glazes, and in all paint media. Lead-tin yellow was often used in mixtures with other pigments such as lead white, vermilion, azurite, verdigris, and indigo.
